As with Scotland, Henry Tudor, a Welsh prince, became king of England and his son. Henry III, united England and Wales (between 1536 and 1542). The Welsh name for Wales is Cymru. Wales is the smallest land of the UK but it has varied landscapes, picturesque mountains (20,768 sq km), breath-taking scenery and marvellous castles. It is mainly an upland country with Snowdonia, famous for its beautiful mountain scenery and the highest peak in Wales, Snowdon (1,085 meters high). The important rivers are the Dee, the Severn and the Wye. A large part of population lives in the industrial areas in the south of Wales. The capital is Cardiff, an important industrial center and port Rugby is the Welsh national game.
Wales is called a “land of music” because many Welsh people can sing well. People often form choirs and sing together. Welsh folklore is also very beautiful. Every year, Wales organizes an Eisteddfod, the largest literature and music festival there. With Competitions in poetry, music and prose, this festival aims at preserving Welsh traditional culture.
English and Welsh are used at the same time in Wales (about 20% of the people in Wales speak Welsh). Welsh is a language of Celtic origin and the oldest living language of Britain. Generally, Welsh is spoken as the first language in rural areas in the north and the west but English is used in the industrial and urban southeast of Wales. The government and voluntary groups have been trying to encourage people to use Welsh. In 1967, the Welsh language Act was introduced guaranteeing the use of Welsh in courts and public administration. Another Welsh Language Act, passed in 1993, ensures that people can use Welsh when dealing with public authorities. Welsh and English are both seen on road signs all over Wales: television and radio have special programme in Welsh; and some newspaper are wholly or partly in Welsh. Chilren learn it in Welsh schools and bilingual education is encouraged.






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